[Deaths from traffic injuries and social inequality in Colombia, 2019Mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito e desigualdades sociais na Colômbia, 2019]. / Mortalidad por lesiones de tránsito y desigualdades sociales en Colombia, 2019.

Objective: To evaluate the association between social inequalities and deaths from traffic injuries in Colombia in 2019. Methods: This ecological study evaluated the association between social inequalities and deaths from traffic injuries among users of the road transport system in Colombia in 2019, based on secondary information sources, using the department level as the administrative and geographic unit of study. A descriptive statistical analysis of health indicators and equity stratifiers was performed. Absolute and relative measures were used to determine social inequality gaps. Results: In 2019, 6 580 people died from road traffic injuries in Colombia. The majority of them (82%) were men. The most critical user condition was being a motorcyclist. The age group with the most victims was approximately 30 years old. Departments with populations between 500 000 and 2 000 000 were the most represented. The most critical equity stratifier was the number of registered motorcycles per 100 000 population. Significant inequality gaps between departments were observed. Conclusions: Inequalities in deaths from road traffic injuries in Colombia were observed. Policies and actions should focus on helping to reduce identified inequities, resulting in better quality of life, well-being, and health for the population.

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre desigualdades sociais e mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito na Colômbia no ano de 2019. Métodos: Este estudo ecológico avaliou a relação entre desigualdades sociais e mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito entre usuários do sistema de transporte rodoviário na Colômbia em 2019, com base em fontes secundárias de informação e departamentos como unidades administrativas e geográficas do estudo. Foi feita uma análise estatística descritiva do indicador de saúde e dos estratificadores de equidade, e foram utilizadas medidas absolutas e relativas para determinar as lacunas de desigualdade social. Resultados: Em 2019, 6 580 pessoas morreram na Colômbia em decorrência de acidentes de trânsito, em sua maioria homens (82%). A categoria de usuário mais afetada foi a de motociclistas, e a faixa etária com o maior número de vítimas girava em torno dos 30 anos. Departamentos com população entre 500 mil e 2 milhões de habitantes tiveram a maior participação. O estratificador de equidade com a condição mais crítica de desigualdade foi o número de motocicletas registradas por 100 mil habitantes. Foram evidenciadas lacunas significativas de desigualdade entre os departamentos. Conclusões: Foram reconhecidas desigualdades na mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito na Colômbia. É preciso implementar políticas e ações que contribuam para a redução das desigualdades identificadas, o que resultará em qualidade de vida, bem-estar e saúde para os cidadãos.

Mortalidad por lesiones de tránsito y desigualdades sociales en Colombia, 2019 / Deaths from traffic injuries and social inequality in Colombia, 2019 / Mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito e desigualdades sociais na Colômbia, 2019

RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre las desigualdades sociales y la mortalidad por lesiones de tránsito en Colombia durante 2019. Métodos. En este estudio ecológico se evaluó la asociación entre las desigualdades sociales y la mortalidad por lesiones de tránsito de las personas usuarias del sistema de transporte terrestre carretero en Colombia durante 2019, con base en fuentes secundarias de información, a nivel de departamento como unidad administrativa y geográfica de estudio. Se hizo un análisis estadístico descriptivo tanto del indicador de salud como de los estratificadores de equidad y se utilizaron medidas absolutas y relativas para determinar las brechas de desigualdad social. Resultados. En 2019 murieron en Colombia 6 580 personas por lesiones de tránsito, la mayoría de las cuales (82%) eran hombres. La condición de usuario más crítica fue la de motociclista. El grupo etario con más víctimas tenía aproximadamente 30 años. Los departamentos con población entre 500 000 y 2 000 000 de habitantes tuvieron la más alta participación. El estratificador de equidad con la condición más crítica de desigualdad fue el número de motocicletas registradas por cada 100 000 habitantes. Se evidenciaron brechas de desigualdad importantes entre los departamentos. Conclusiones. Se reconocieron desigualdades de la mortalidad por lesiones de tránsito en Colombia. Se deben orientar políticas y actuaciones que contribuyan a la disminución de las inequidades identificadas, lo que redunda en la calidad de vida, bienestar y salud de los ciudadanos.

ABSTRACT Objective. To evaluate the association between social inequalities and deaths from traffic injuries in Colombia in 2019. Methods. This ecological study evaluated the association between social inequalities and deaths from traffic injuries among users of the road transport system in Colombia in 2019, based on secondary information sources, using the department level as the administrative and geographic unit of study. A descriptive statistical analysis of health indicators and equity stratifiers was performed. Absolute and relative measures were used to determine social inequality gaps. Results. In 2019, 6 580 people died from road traffic injuries in Colombia. The majority of them (82%) were men. The most critical user condition was being a motorcyclist. The age group with the most victims was approximately 30 years old. Departments with populations between 500 000 and 2 000 000 were the most represented. The most critical equity stratifier was the number of registered motorcycles per 100 000 population. Significant inequality gaps between departments were observed. Conclusions. Inequalities in deaths from road traffic injuries in Colombia were observed. Policies and actions should focus on helping to reduce identified inequities, resulting in better quality of life, well-being, and health for the population.

RESUMO Objetivo. Avaliar a relação entre desigualdades sociais e mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito na Colômbia no ano de 2019. Métodos. Este estudo ecológico avaliou a relação entre desigualdades sociais e mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito entre usuários do sistema de transporte rodoviário na Colômbia em 2019, com base em fontes secundárias de informação e departamentos como unidades administrativas e geográficas do estudo. Foi feita uma análise estatística descritiva do indicador de saúde e dos estratificadores de equidade, e foram utilizadas medidas absolutas e relativas para determinar as lacunas de desigualdade social. Resultados. Em 2019, 6 580 pessoas morreram na Colômbia em decorrência de acidentes de trânsito, em sua maioria homens (82%). A categoria de usuário mais afetada foi a de motociclistas, e a faixa etária com o maior número de vítimas girava em torno dos 30 anos. Departamentos com população entre 500 mil e 2 milhões de habitantes tiveram a maior participação. O estratificador de equidade com a condição mais crítica de desigualdade foi o número de motocicletas registradas por 100 mil habitantes. Foram evidenciadas lacunas significativas de desigualdade entre os departamentos. Conclusões. Foram reconhecidas desigualdades na mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito na Colômbia. É preciso implementar políticas e ações que contribuam para a redução das desigualdades identificadas, o que resultará em qualidade de vida, bem-estar e saúde para os cidadãos.

A review of the inclusion of equity stratifiers for the measurement of health inequalities within health and social care data collections in Ireland.

BACKGROUND: Health equity differs from the concept of health inequality by taking into consideration the fairness of an inequality. Inequities may be culturally specific, based on social relations within a society. Measuring these inequities often requires grouping individuals. These groupings can be termed equity stratifiers. The most common groupings affected by health inequalities are summarised by the acronym PROGRESS (Place of residence, Race, Occupation, Gender, Religion, Education, Socioeconomic status, Social capital). The aim of this review was to examine the use of equity stratifiers in routinely collected health and social care data collections in Ireland. METHODS: One hundred and twenty data collections were identified from the Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA) document, "Catalogue of national health and social care data collections: Version 3.0". Managers of all the data collections included were contacted and a data dictionary was requested where one was not available via the HIQA website. Each of the data dictionaries available was reviewed to identify the equity stratifiers recorded. RESULTS: Eighty-three of the 120 data collections were considered eligible to be included for review. Twenty-nine data dictionaries were made available. There was neither a data dictionary available nor a response to our query from data collection managers for twenty-three (27.7%) of the data collections eligible for inclusion. Data dictionaries were from national data collections, regional data collections and national surveys. All data dictionaries contained at least one of the PROGRESS equity stratifiers. National surveys included more equity stratifiers compared with national and regional data collections. Definitions used for recording social groups for the stratifiers examined lacked consistency. CONCLUSIONS: While there has been much discussion on tackling health inequalities in Ireland in recent years, health and social care data collections do not always record the social groupings that are most commonly affected. In order to address this, it is necessary to consider which equity stratifiers should be used for the Irish population and, subsequently, for agreed stratifiers to be incorporated into routine health data collection. These are lessons that can be shared internationally as other countries begin to address deficits in their use of equity stratifiers.

Desigualdades sociales en la mortalidad de niños menores de cinco años: revisión sistemática / Social inequalities in under-five mortality: a systematic review

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar las características de los estudios sobre desigualdades sociales, en la mortalidad de niños menores de cinco años; sus perspectivas teóricas, ejes de desigualdad, métodos y resultados. Método Revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se consultaron cuatro bases de datos electrónicas y Google Scholar; se incluyeron estudios entre 2010 y 2018. Resultados Se analizaron 126 artículos. En el 62,7%, se estudió el territorio como eje de desigualdad, seguido por los determinantes socioeconómicos (27,8%). La mortalidad neonatal, infantil y en la niñez fue analizada en el 19,0%, 49,2% y 32,3%, respectivamente. Predominaron los estudios ecológicos (62,7%) y longitudinales (50,0%). Se encontró una disminución considerable en las tasas de mortalidad; sin embargo, el descenso no fue homogéneo entre subpoblaciones. Conclusiones La literatura reporta una marcada disminución de la mortalidad en niños menores de cinco años; no obstante, las brechas entre distintos ejes de desigualdad continúan y en algunos lugares se han incrementado. Las brechas entre los estratificadores variaron de acuerdo con el tiempo, lugar, eje de desigualdad y tipo de mortalidad analizada.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the characteristics of the published studies on social inequalities in under-five mortality, their theoretical perspectives, axes of inequality, methods and results. Method We carried out a systematic literature review. We consulted four electronic databases and Google Scholar, for studies published between 2010 and 2018. Results We analyzed 126 articles. In 62.7%, territory was studied as the axis of inequality, followed by socioeconomic determinants (27.8%). Neonatal, infant and under-five mortality was analyzed as an output in health in 19.0%, 49.2% and 32.3%, respectively. It predominated ecological (62.7%) and longitudinal (50.0%) studies. Significant reductions in mortality rates were found, however, the decline was not homogeneous among subpopulations. Conclusions The literature reports a marked decrease in under-five mortality; however, the gaps between different axes of inequality continue and in some cases they have increased. Gaps varied according to time, place, axis of inequality and type of mortality analyzed.(AU)